Rosh Emergency Medicine Practice Test

What is the most appropriate intervention for a patient exhibiting symptoms of severe diverticulitis?

1. IV antibiotics

2. Immediate surgical intervention

3. Initial observation

4. Oral hydration

The correct answer is: IV antibiotics

In cases of severe diverticulitis, the most appropriate intervention involves the administration of intravenous antibiotics. This approach is critical because it addresses the underlying infection and inflammation associated with diverticulitis. Patients often present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, and possible inflammation or abscess formation. IV antibiotics can help control the infection, which is essential for preventing potential complications, including perforation or abscess formation. The importance of using IV antibiotics is particularly relevant for patients who are significantly symptomatic or may have comorbidities that place them at higher risk of complications. This intervention allows for more immediate and effective management compared to oral antibiotics, particularly in a hospital setting where the patient's condition may warrant closer monitoring and immediate care. While other interventions—like surgical options or observation—are relevant in different contexts, they are not the first-line approach in the management of severe diverticulitis. Immediate surgical intervention may be considered in cases where there are complications, such as a perforation or abscess that does not respond to conservative treatment. Initial observation may be appropriate for less severe cases, and oral hydration can be part of overall supportive care, especially in milder cases. However, for a patient presenting with severe symptoms, IV antibiotics are the most appropriate and effective initial